5 think tank che hanno influenzato con successo le politiche pubbliche

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There has been much debate in recent years about how effective or relevant think tanks are in today’s world. In fact, it is difficult to give the term think tank a definition — as it now includes university ricerca groups, politica pubblica groups, NGOs, advocacy organizations, foundations, and more. Think tanks that are engaging more with practice are being referred to as “think and do” or “do” tanks, whereas those like the Pew Research Center that focus on information, are calling themselves “fact” tanks. While it can all get a bit confusing, the common goal of all these organizations is clear: to conduct in-depth research that can impact public policy and lead to positive reform.

Think tanks carry out research in diverse areas, from assistenza sanitaria a economics. The typical task of a think tank is to conduct in-depth research on a specific topic or towards a specific cause, publish findings and insights, and provide data-driven recommendations that will shape policy and legislation.

Over the years, think tanks have made positive contributions to decision-making, research and policy in countries across the world. Here are 5 think tanks who’ve successfully brought about change and are continuing to work towards reforming policy:

1. Istituzione Brookings

Uno dei più antichi e rinomati think tank, Istituzione Brookings has been instrumental in shaping policy on a variety of issues in the US. Considered to be America’s most prestigious think tank, the institution has advised Presidents on how to run their administrations smoothly, has published studies that have shaped federal budget and has “produced influential proposals for homeland security and intelligence operations” post the terrorist attacks of 9/11. In the early 2000s, Brookings proposed a child tax credit system in the USA which became part of a major legislation, and helped families reduce their federal tax bill.

L'istituzione sta attualmente sostenendo con forza un cambiamento nella legislazione federale sulla marijuana medica. While medical cannabis is already legal in many states in the US, it is still a Schedule 1 drug under the federal law. In a documentary made in May 2018, the institution moved away from its traditional format of books and reports to a new medium. The documentario showcase the life of a teenager struggling with epilepsy who had to move from her home in Virginia (where cannabis oil could not be legally prescribed for her condition) to Colorado to access medical marijuana. She and her mom however became activists and supported the fight for legalization — and in 2018, Virginia approved the use of cannabis oil for medical purposes. Brookings aims to showcase the human side of a volatile debate, and hopes to move the public and influence the government to make what they believe is a necessary change in its cannabis laws.

2. RAND Corporation

RAND Corporation was formed in 1948 just after WWII, with the aim of providing research support to the US Armed Forces. It adopted its name from the term “research and development”. Over the years, RAND has played a huge role in addressing some of society’s biggest challenges and has helped advance scientific research and technology. Their research areas include not just science and technology but also education and literacy, environmental issues, international affairs, climate change, and more. Some of RAND’s achievements in the public policy space include “improving the US healthcare system and providing affordable housing to low-income families”.

Una delle loro attuali aree di attenzione è la sicurezza di droni di consegnae come la politica può essere modellata per garantire che i rischi dell'uso di questi veicoli aerei siano ridotti al minimo.  In 2017, a panel of experts helped the National Institute of Justice identify and analyze how social media and social network analysis can help law enforcement.

3. Istituto di ricerca sulle politiche pubbliche (IPPR)

IPPR è uno dei principali think tank del Regno Unito, con importanti programmi incentrati sulla politica economica, sulle sfide della forza lavoro e su un piano per una Brexit progressiva. Il loro lavoro riceve una notevole attenzione da parte dei media, e ha avuto un grande impatto in passato: un rapporto pubblicato da loro ha portato direttamente allo sviluppo dei crediti d'imposta per i bambini, e il loro lavoro intorno al bilancio di primavera 2017 nel Regno Unito ha scatenato un dibattito nazionale.

The IPPR’s recent work includes a report showcasing public attitudes to a post-Brexit UK and whether the country should continue to align with the EU’s rules around consumer, financial, employment and environmental standards, or whether it should move away from these laws to make its own. The institution also published facts and figures of the changing economy and demographics in its “A prova di futuro: La Gran Bretagna nel 2020” report, which not only received nation-wide visibility but also saw engagement from policymakers, politicians and the government.

4. Centro per le soluzioni climatiche ed energetiche (C2ES)

C2ES, o il Center for Climate and Energy Solutions (successo del Pew Center on Global Climate Change) è un think tank statunitense che lavora per trovare soluzioni pratiche al cambiamento climatico. L'istituzione lavora con le imprese per rafforzare la loro resilienza al cambiamento climatico, con i politici e altre parti interessate per sviluppare politiche che garantiscano il progresso climatico, e con i sindaci per rafforzare le partnership pubblico-privato.

One of C2ES’ major achievements is bringing together officials from more than 20 countries to for a dialogue on climate change that paved the way for the 2015 Paris agreement. Insieme al Great Plains Institute, C2ES convoca la Carbon Capture Coalition, che mira a catturare le emissioni di carbonio per uso commerciale. Nel maggio 2018, l'organizzazione ha pubblicato un segnalare che ha delineato come i politici statunitensi potrebbero assicurarsi che la loro attuale capacità nucleare venga mantenuta, promuovendo al contempo le energie rinnovabili.

5. Fondazione Kaiser Family (KFF)

The Kaiser Family Foundation is a nonprofit organization that focuses on healthcare issues in the US and provides information on health policy, health reform, global health, etc. They regularly publish in-depth reports on health costs, insurance, Medicaid, women’s health, etc., with the aim of informing policymakers, the media, healthcare organizations and practitioners, and the general public.  They also conduct polls and surveys independently and in association with The Washington Post and NPR to identify gaps in the system and analyze how they can be filled. Their “Public Opinion and Survey Research” program conducts research on Americans’ experiences with the healthcare system and provides a platform for under-represented groups to voice their issues in national debates.

A studio condotto da KFF nell'agosto 2018 trova che ci sono prove limitate che suggeriscono che l'occupazione migliora la salute. Discute le considerazioni da prendere in considerazione nei requisiti di lavoro di Medicaid, ed evidenzia i problemi di salute che possono sorgere se si perde la copertura sanitaria a causa dei requisiti di lavoro. Lo studio si basa su un revisione della letteratura di ricerche da più di 50 fonti.

Recente riporta that suggest that think tanks are becoming politicized to the point of becoming lobbyists, and that their research is frequently being passed off as ‘academic literature’. Transparify è un'iniziativa che fornisce una valutazione globale della trasparenza finanziaria dei think tank, permettendo di decidere quali sono legittimi e credibili.

I think tank continuano a svolgere un ruolo significativo nel colmare il divario tra i responsabili politici, i ricercatori e il pubblico in generale. Quasi 7.000 organizzazioni around the world work under this umbrella term, conducting and publishing research that will lead to a better-informed public and government.

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